한국 안산의 비즈니스 이벤트 및 컨퍼런스
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Diabetes has become a major health threat around the world; in fact, the largest increase will be provided by India, which has already been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the country with the highest number of diabetics in the world. Diabetes is often not diagnosed until complications appear, and about a third of all people with diabetes may be undiagnosed, although many diagnosed people are unaware of their condition.
Late detection of diabetes often means that by the time of diagnosis, complications have already damaged the eyes, kidneys, and nerves. These complications are costly in the physical, financial and psychosocial sense. Early detection and treatment of diabetes can not only improve glycemic control, but also improve blood pressure and lipids.
Who should be tested? In general, all adults should be examined at regular intervals.
o Family history of diabetes (i.e., parents or siblings with diabetes)
o Overweight (Body Mass Index >25 kg/m2)
o Age >45 years
o Previously identified impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)
o Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg)
o Hyperlipidemia (HDL - 250 mg/dL or both)
o History of gestational diabetes or delivery of a baby over 9 lb (4.1 kg) (ADA -Diabetes Care 2004)
What are diabetes screening tests?
Fasting Plasma Glucose: The fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test is the standard test for diabetes. It is a simple blood test that is taken after eight hours of fasting. The FPG test is not always reliable, so it is recommended to repeat the test if the initial test suggests the presence of diabetes.
Oral glucose tolerance test: The glucose tolerance test may be more accurate than FPG in certain groups (for example, women with a history of gestational diabetes). The test uses the following procedures: I) after performing an overnight fasting fasting plasma glucose test. ii) After this test a person receives 75 g of glucose (100 g for pregnant women) blood samples are taken every half hour {(fasting-30mts-60mts-90mts-120mts- (five times)} to measure glucose in Not only helps detect diabetes, but also helps detect prediabetic status, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and impaired glucose
Tolerance (IGT))
Is it important to detect the prediabetic stage? Yes! Because it is “preventable”
Criteria for the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus
Normal DIABETES
Symptoms of diabetes + Random plasma glucose or Blood pressure control, regular at each visit for Hypertension (high blood pressure): should be 40
o An electrocardiogram (ECG), which provides information about the state of the heart.
o Chest X-ray, information about the lungs and the shape of the heart and vascular system (aorta and blood vessels)
o Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), marker of early atherosclerosis
Diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage): People with diabetes are several times more likely to have kidney disease than the general population. The earliest manifestation of kidney damage is microalbuminuria (small amounts of protein called albumin are found in the urine). Symptoms include protein in the urine, high blood pressure, burning when urinating, frequent urination, swelling and swelling around the eyes, hands, and feet, excessive itching, nausea, vomiting, and weakness.
Approximately 20% of patients with type 2 show evidence of microalbuminuria at the time of diagnosis of diabetes; however, only a small percentage of type 2 diabetics eventually develop kidney disease. Microalbuminuria usually appears in type 2 diabetics who have high blood pressure. Normal: 15 years will develop diabetic retinopathy in their lifetime.
Who is more prone to diabetic retinopathy? : Uncontrolled blood sugar, long-term diabetes, hypertension with diabetes and genetic predisposition.
What are the stages of retinopathy? : Mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe retinopathy, maculopathy, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Treatment: Retinopathy can be treated by laser photocoagulation. Screening: Diabetes patients should have an initial dilated and comprehensive eye exam by an ophthalmologist or optometrist from the day of diabetes diagnosis and every year thereafter. Early detection, prompt treatment, and proper detection and care reduce the risk of vision loss and 90% of diabetes-related blindness.
All patients should be regularly evaluated for risk factors and encouraged at each health care visit to follow a healthy lifestyle that includes a healthy diet, proper exercise, weight control, and stress reduction. Try to have good control to be sure, but don’t try to achieve perfection. Perfection lasts for a moment and diabetes lasts a lifetime ”. The main theme is to focus on “living a healthy life despite diabetes.”
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